How Language Develops in Children

For each parent, language advancement in their youngsters is a principal perspective that must be given significance the same number of guardians are worried about the advancement of their kids with regards to figuring out how to talk and to getting words and their implications. The child’s relational abilities are additionally evolved through the collaborations they have with others. That’s why guardians should consistently give the association required so that their children’s progress is ceaseless and consistent. Language advancement is characterized as the procedure wherein small kids comprehend and convey language during youth. Rafanello says that it is obtained all the more rapidly in the initial five years of a baby’s life (1). Interestingly, even before the infant is conceived, he can separate local language and different dialects. This is on the grounds that when they are still inside the belly, they hear and react to natural voices, particularly the mother’s. An infant’s cerebrum experiences changes after birth. Trillions of pathways create between synapses, and these pathways will permit the infant to learn and think, and afterward talk, and whatever incitement an infant has during the early long periods of his life will form and reinforce these cerebrum pathways. Guardians of these children, particularly the guardians, need not stress in light of the fact that there are such a significant number of chances for a child’s language aptitudes to be additionally improved. Rafanello included that the encounters of a newborn child with language in association with guardians and others around him will affect his general turn of events (1). An infant imparts through outward appearances, coos, motions and verbal cries. In the article â€Å"Language Development in Children,† it says that even before a kid can talk, he can get words. It likewise adds that the language addressed an infant from birth will empower him to fathom the words and later on express them. Language improvement in babies begins through signals and outward appearances. Through these, an infant can communicate his solace or distress, repulsiveness and even fulfillment. There will be words that will have enthusiastic hugeness on an infant, and these are normally the words that he will focus on. An investigation demonstrated that as right on time as twenty a month, a baby can separate among â€Å"bah† and â€Å"gah.† Another examination indicated that a month old newborn child can â€Å"associate sucking conduct to the hints of â€Å"b† and â€Å"p.† Later on in his life, he will figure out how to â€Å"babble† and shape his own language (â€Å"Language Development in Children†). It is of significance that guardians converse with their kids, as this incitement with the language condition has esteem. It is said that an infant figures out how to interface words with his enthusiastic encounters and this will give him the inspiration to talk, or to communicate his sentiments through â€Å"babbling.† As the child develops, he will endeavor to make sounds in attempting to speak with the individuals around him. An examination refered to in the â€Å"Language Development in Children† indicated that when an individual articulates words plainly to a newborn child, it will assist the baby with understanding. This is a significant proportion of a baby’s language advancement so he can understand words and their implications. An infant will likewise discover that his jabbering will pick up the consideration of the individuals who are around him. Listening is a significant advance before a kid can learn. At the point when an infant tunes in to a ton of things, he can create and extend his jargon and improve his IQ. This is additionally the aftereffect of an investigation of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). Beside the bigger jargon, a baby’s language aptitudes are progressively mind boggling when they are brought up in top notch youngster care condition (Rafanello 1). Additionally, â€Å"live† language can immensely improve the language abilities of youngster. To be capable for kids to appreciate language, they should hear it in relationship with what occurs around them. Through this, language doesn't turn out to be simply clamor. Another significant thing for a memorable parent is talking straightforwardly to the infant even before he can argue. This encourages comprehension of a word or words that are verbally expressed commonly. The best and regular route for a child to gain proficiency with the implications of words is discussion to him according to what's going on. Activities and portrayals of articles or considerations will likewise assist the child with associating words with them. An investigation by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) demonstrated that a positive cooperation is associated with language improvement. Moreover, a youngster can learn better through language-based collaborations with his folks or the individuals around him. Now and again, a child rehashes a word commonly, for example, â€Å"bah† regarding a similar article. At the point when he develops, he figures out how to talk different sounds. For example, an infant can make sounds when he is in his lodging. At the point when his mom approaches and converses with him, the baby’s sounds become visit. This is a huge advance as it opens another open door for the discourse improvement of a youngster. On the off chance that a child is invigorated, he will utilize his vocal ropes commonly. This likewise clears a path for expanded social incitement from others to him. The accompanying presents the language improvement of youngsters at particular ages. Indeed, even before birth, language improvement happens, particularly when a mother continually converses with her unborn youngster. As indicated by Alic, babies become acquainted with the human voice. She includes that newborn children give more consideration to a human face, all the more critically when it is talking. At earliest stages, babies either calms down or grins when they are addressed. Turning towards recognizable sounds and voices are additionally normal for newborn children. In addition, they convey through laughing, murmuring, whining and cooing. They can likewise create sounds, for example, â€Å"ohh† and â€Å"ah.† They additionally impart and express their needs through crying. Somewhere in the range of three and a half year, a newborn child can demonstrate reactions to changes in a manner of speaking. He likewise figures out how to vocalize his pleasure or dismay. Additionally, he giggles, moans, screeches, blows air pockets, jabbers and falters noisily to get the consideration of individuals around him. He likewise learns t use motions to impart his wants. Also, he can cry contrastingly on the off chance that he is in torment or hungry. A newborn child this age can likewise shape his mouth to change sounds. His new assortment of jargon incorporates sounds, for example, â€Å"b†, â€Å"m† and â€Å"p† (Alic). Six to a year old enough denotes the most basic time frame for responsive language improvement. Responsive language advancement is the infant’s capacity to understand language. During this age, a newborn child reacts to their names. He additionally figures out how to listen distinctly to discourse and different sounds. He communicates his states of mind through non-verbal communication and sound. He can likewise play with sounds. Beside these, he can react to well disposed or furious tones and can rehash syllables. He likewise imparts through impersonation of pitch or discourse sounds. At this age, he utilizes his tongue to change sounds and chatters with upwards of 12 sounds in a monotonous example. He can likewise make long sounds (Alic). In his seventh month, a newborn child can vocalize syllables, for example, â€Å"Dada† or â€Å"Mama† (Child Development Institute). Rafanello included that at this stage, an infant’s jibber jabber has long and short gathering of sounds, for example, â€Å"tata upup bibibibi.† His jargon currently incorporates a couple of new words, for example, â€Å"bye-bye,† â€Å"dada,† â€Å"mama,†, â€Å"no,† or â€Å"uh-oh† (6). A newborn child somewhere in the range of nine and a year can listen when he is addressed. In addition, he can offer reactions to basic solicitations. He likewise perceives the names of his relatives and even the names of regular items. He likewise comprehends the word â€Å"no.† He rehashes sounds, practices pitch, utilizes the words â€Å"dada† and â€Å"mama† for any individual, interfaces voices and names with individuals, utilizes sounds other than sobbing for their requirements or to get consideration, yells and shouts, knows their own names, comprehends motions prattles a few syllable rehashed sounds. By 12 and year and a half old enough, a baby would now be able to utilize incomplete words, perceive names, giggle fittingly, use words that start with â€Å"b,† â€Å"c,† â€Å"d,† and â€Å"g,† make motions and state â€Å"no,† comprehend and follow bearings, and request help utilizing sounds and signals. He can likewise utilize total words and comprehend certain words, for example, â€Å"up,† â€Å"down† and â€Å"hot.† Moreover, a baby this age figures out how to frame sentences by assembling two short words. This age additionally denotes the toddler’s comprehension of words related for everything; their language advancement is consistent. Alic says that most of a toddler’s first words are all inclusive. They comprise of names of nourishments or relatives. By the age of 18 to two years, a baby has an assortment of 20 to 50 clear words. He would now be able to state more words every month and set up two words, for example, â€Å"more cookie† (Rafanello 6). His jargon additionally comprises of things. He can follow straightforward orders and utilize two pronouns accurately. The pronouns I, me and you are usually utilized. He additionally follows order, for example, â€Å"show me your eyes.† An a multi year old baby can utilize short sentences to request things, and he has a word for nearly everything. Everyone around him can comprehend his discourse (Rafanello 6). His jargon currently comprises of 400 words, which incorporate names. As ahead of schedule as this age, the little child can rehash the accounts, tunes or rhymes he hears. He can likewise depict his experienc

Uber McKinsey 7S Model Free Solution - Click Now!

Question: Talk about the Uber forMcKinsey 7S Model. Answer: The objective of the survey was to choose how the McKinsey 7S model is associated for accomplishment and use of Uber in Asia and around the globe. The segments in the affiliation are what are used to control the change strategy to ensure accomplishment along these lines three components have contributed most to the achievement of Uber incorporate Methodology Methodology usage incorporates working with people and the structure of the relationship to make the visionary musings developed before appear (Manage, 2007). As indicated by (Pearce Robinson, 2007) ,watch that the objective of the key organization handle identifies with the itemizing and execution of strategies which bring about the long stretch achievement of the association's focal objective. (David, 1997) describes framework executions as periods of fundamental organizations that incorporates the use of definitive gadgets and furthermore facilitate resources towards achieving key outcomes. The McKinsey 7S model can be explained using the advantage based view theory of the firm and method (Kraaijenbrink, Spencer Groen, 2010). The central recommendation of this speculation is that if a firm is to achieve a state of kept up advantage it must pick up and control significant, exceptional, unique, and non-substitutable resources and capacities (Barney, 1991). The principles of the benefit based view theory are: that the structure bits of approach are business frames; the difference in methodology into beneficial key limits is a key to accomplishment; capacities are made by making imperative endeavors and the overseer must be trustworthy, considering the way that fighting on capacities incorporates cross-value. The open structure speculation explains how the affiliation depends on upon its condition for data and changes these commitments to a yield (Barney, 1991). A system implies a strategy or plan accomplished a pined for future (Pearce Robinson, 2007). (Johnson, Scholes, and Whittington 2005) portray technique as the heading and level of a relationship over the long haul, which accomplishes great conditions in a routinely changing condition through its blueprint of advantages and capacities to satisfy associate needs. For a firm to endure and flourish a system is basic. Strategy helps a firm make a fit between the affiliation and its condition with a ultimate objective to enable the affiliation acclimates to its fierce condition. (Johnson et al, 2005) describe method execution as a methodology turning around ensuring that frameworks are working for all intents and purposes. It incorporates various activities including sorting out a relationship to achieve productive execution, engaging achievement through the course in which the various resources of people, information, back and advancement reinforce framework and supervise change. Uber has become an issue solver to many, with the capacity to give taxi administrations to the individuals who need at costs that are sensible. Uber has attempted its best to guarantee it repairs the taxi business by making it progressively respectable and that why we can see numerous organizations are attempting to come up to take the market which they never observed. Through shared worth we See Uber has attempted to guarantee that clients get the best by guaranteeing their riders have excellent vehicles that are in acceptable condition. This is through guaranteeing any vehicle that signs up meet certain base measures in addition to the driver must be qualified. The experience is a greater amount of client situated as clients can follow their vehicle on a given course. Clients are additionally ready to pay with credits cards making exchange simpler as would be expected cabs were for the most part through money installments. Mutual Value As indicated by (Kaplan ,2005) portrays shared qualities as the inside or basic arrangement of attributes that are all things considered partook in the association and fill in as controlling standards of what is essential; vision, strategic, characteristics explanations that give a wide slant reason behind all specialists. All individuals from the connection share some standard essential insights or controlling musings around which the business is made. This might be to profit or to complete importance in a specific field. Not solely are customers experiencing the best, Uber drivers are in like manner benefitting massively through organization execution. Livelihoods have been made for drivers through partner qualified drivers to customers who ought to be chauffeured inside certain land zone. Going about as a driver can win some upwards of $500 consistently, which is the entirety a taxi driver stands to set to make following seven days yearns work. Its complete focus on transport guarantees that Uber can meet its fundamental commitment of offering safe secure rides to its clients. To guarantee the drivers survive from high caliber the application permits clients to rate drivers after each ride. In this way is a method of guaranteeing drivers can give praiseworthy client assistance just to get the 5 star rating. Such situation has bragged confidence numerous drivers not exclusively to consider it to be typical occupation yet in addition attempt their best to have better surveys which thus prompts development of the business across Asia. Frameworks Frameworks allude to the formal and nice methods used to deal with the association, including association control structures, execution estimation and prize frameworks, coordinating, masterminding and asset segment frameworks, and association data structures (Kaplan, 2005). Uber guarantees clients get the best from all rides and that why we saw before drivers are appraised by customers during an outing. The employing procedure likewise follows certain rule, not all vehicles are acknowledged by Uber, year of assembling is critical to be enrolled by Uber and the kind of the vehicle. Its everything about solace of riders and set norms. Utilization of Porter 5-powers Model This hypothesis depends on upon the likelihood that there are five characteristics that one chooses for an Engaging and associating power in business showcase, its gainful as one needs to comprehend connection nature which is focused to making exceptional yields. Numerous authorities utilize the five characteristics from Porters philosophy to comprehend where control lies as a method of improving effectiveness and evade oversights. To enter an Asian market one requires appropriate research as from the examination completed it propose that one variable that could expect a basic part in India is famous inclination, which applies a broad effect on the organization. A better than average instance of this is a fight by neighborhood retailers against Uber, who feel that the arrival of the US retail goliath could make them bankrupt. Uber has made enormous interests in India, anyway is discovering courses around tough headings that shield it from completing things as major as building up its picture name. As indicated by (Wang Chang, 2008) Porter's five powers has no significant effect in the event that you are anticipating execute business in India.Three Ps (individuals, task and penny) driving his undertakings in China. Going past the tight, to an extraordinary degree forceful centralization of Porter's model, the new five qualities show, Comprises business objectives, geological territory, Working condition and how it partners with different organizations. It seems to choose business accomplishment regardless of any contender. Uber is currently riding on economies of scale as should be obvious it counters many legal disputes it faces this being one of its quality. Case of Another Home Grown Competitor OLA Uber is confronting firm rivalry from Ola an Indian taxi organization. He proceeds to express that Uber should discard its one-measure fits-all methodology and rather endeavor to understand close by nuances that would assist it with distinguishing organizations that customers and drivers truly need. Uber and Ola have for an extensive period of time sought after an extreme battle for supreme quality in India, a market with 1.3 billion potential customers. The country has gone facing extended importance for Uber after a movement recently setbacks elsewhere in Asia. Uber and Ola drivers all are striking to have pay increment which may appear to be bottlenecks to Uber being an outside organization. In spite of the fact that Uber CEO demands Uber demands they arent pulling out of India. In India, Uber has consistently ended up playing get the ball really rolling with its Bangalore-based adversary. Its most recent close by thing offering - allowing Indian customers to book an auto for an entire day - is starting at now offered by Ola in 85 urban networks. Ola moreover allows customers to book one of India's unavoidable three-wheeled auto rickshaws, an organization Uber started at this point at that point suspended in 2015.Ola has a reasonable ground as they have better comprehension of the land area. References David, F.R. (1997). Ideas of vital administration. third ed. New York: Macmillan International. Johnson, G., Scholes, K., Whittington, R. (2005). Investigating corporate technique. seventh ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Kaplan, R. (2005). How the fair scorecard supplements the McKinsey 7?S model. Technique Leadership, Vol. 33 (3), 41 46. Kraaijenbrink, J., Spencer, J.C., Groen, A.J. (2010). The Resource Based View: A survey and appraisal of its evaluates. Diary of Management, 36(1), 49 72. Pearce, J., Robinson, R. (2007). Key administration: plan, usage control. tenth ed. London: Irwin Publishers Wei Wang,Peter P. Chang, (2008) Enterprise and technique in China: why Porter's five powers may not be,Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship, Vol. 1 Issue: 1, pp.53-64, doi: 10.1108/17561390910916886 Doorman's Five Forces Industry Analysis of Indian Passenger Car Industry: Accessed from https://www.pbr.co.in/January2016/13.pdf

Youre Writing Blogs Wrong

Youre Writing Blogs Wrong If youve been maintaining a blog to draw traffic to your website, hows that going for you? Are you seeing the traffic you hoped to see from it? If youre running a business, does that web traffic include the right customers (or audience)? If not, then lets look at some things you might be doing wrong and discuss the best ways to correct those mistakes so your blog will do what it is meant to doâ€"reach the right audience and help you grow your business or succeed in personal branding.Common mistake 1 â€" Expecting immediate resultsTheres no doubt that blogs are incredibly useful in building a business or reputation. However, a common mistake that bloggers make is assuming that this benefit will be instantaneous. As soon as the blog goes up, business will start pouring in, right?Well, no. Not exactly. A blog is different than print advertising in traditional media in that an audience must be builtâ€"steadily and over time. Blogging is not an immediate results type of advertising for se veral reasons. First, a blog helps you increase your sites visibility on Google, but that takes time to happen. Second, a blog helps you show your expertise, but to be considered an expert, you need to demonstrate a lot of knowledge (more than one or nine or even twenty posts can convey). Finally, a blogs audience isnt instantaneous. Your audience will grow from activities like sharing on social media and word of mouth, and that will take some time to happen. So dont give up within a few months if youre not seeing the results you want to see. Be patient, keep blogging, and give the blog time to grow. Youll be glad you did.Common mistake 2 â€" Focusing on SEOWeve all heard about SEO and using it to help Google index your site closer to its front page results, and a blog can certainly make this happen. However, writing a blog strictly for this purpose is not a good long-term plan and there are plenty of reasons why. First, your primary purpose in writing a blog is to share your expert ise and build influence in your field. Second, you want your audience to share the content you writeâ€"thats how your blog will grow its readership. If you overload your blog with too much SEO content without focusing on the quality and voice of the information, your expertise is buried beneath keywords and the content will be moderately interesting, at best. Put simply: write for your customers, not for SEO. Keeping focus on your customers will ensure that you publish high-quality content that they will want to read and (ideally) share with others.Common mistake 3 â€" Not allowing your content to have personalityNo one wants to read boring writing, even if its about a topic that interests them. Think of some of the best writers you know and think about what makes them so unique. Its the personality of their writing, isnt it? Its the voice of the author that makes them interesting, familiar, and almost seem like theyre speaking just to you when you write. Its that trait that makes f avored writers so engaging, and you should use that exact approach when writing a blog for your business or personal brand.This means youll need to be personable. Write as if youre speaking with your client instead of like youre writing for a text book or press release. Its this voice that will make your audience want to read more because we all like to read writing that speaks to us on a personal level. Engage your audience with humor, stories, photosâ€"anything that can draw people in on a personal level. An SEO-laden, 500-word, boring blog entry simply wont do that.Another great benefit to personable and engaging blog entries is that it keeps your business from seeming faceless. It adds character and projects something about you, as the owner, that your customers want to know. People like knowing theyre doing business with other REAL people, not just faceless corporate enterprises.Common mistake 4 â€" Not being consistentMany bloggers begin with a lot of fireworks and end up sizz ling out. Not publishing consistently means that not only will you lose the audience youve gained so farâ€"youll also be seen as potentially out of business or dated. This does not mean that you have to publish a new post daily (or even weekly). Sometimes publishing too much content can be just as harmful, particularly if the content youre publishing becomes stale, repetitive or boring to read.The best way to ensure consistency in your blogging practices is to make a good judgment about how often you can reasonably publish new content. If you can publish once a month consistently, make that your goal. If you can manage more than thatâ€"biweekly or even weeklyâ€"then thats even better, but the important thing is publishing consistently.Common mistake 5 â€" Making it all about youFinally, keep in mind that while the blog is meant to show your expertise, it shouldnt be all about you. The main reason for this is your readers will become bored very quickly, even if you lead the most exci ting life imaginable. Instead of constantly publishing about your accomplishments, ideas, event participation, etc., focus instead on current events related to your line of work. Showing your audience that you understand your field and keep up to date on current happenings reveals as much about your level of expertise as constantly writing about yourself and your own viewpoints.

Non-State Actors Affected International Relations

Non-State Actors: Have an ability to affect International Relations 1 Introduction By the Peace of Westphalia ended the thirty years war, began the world politics and began the establishment of political system. There are global organizations controlled by states like United Nations (UN) and regional organizations which are the members from the nearest area with the same ideologies and take same principal of the organization like European Union (EU). Other side there are informal organization or also called Non-State Actors (NSA) that controlled by people from the states. Together they increase the world politics. NSA influenced the political systems also affected in the International Relations. In this essay I would divided into†¦show more content†¦They discuss, negotiate, and collaborate with other states about politics, about how they could build their own countries. This relation worked as the formal structure and is run by the government, parliaments as the representative of the state. As the time and the development of political systems, then it is making of global organization like United Nations (UN) also the regional organization like European Union (EU). They influenced world and increasingly the world conditions to be better and growth. Because there are a lot of problems in the world politics, so people create other organizations that concern to help the establishment of political systems but they are not under the state, this is called Non-State Actors (NSA). Types of NSA There are two types of NSA: IGOs and NGOs. IGOs are organizations or institutions joined by the states and governments that have an authority to make decisions of problem on the global agenda. IGOs are the most important because their members are states create the interstate system at the global level of analysis. IGOs have limited membership. NATO (The North Atlantic Treaty Organization), for example is primarily a military alliance, others like OAS (Organization of American States), both of these organization promote economic development and democratic reforms. Because most IGOs are concentrate their activities on specificShow MoreRelatedThe State Based Westphalian System Of Governance1468 Words   |  6 Pagesyears state sovereignty has allowed for individual states to effectively handle their problems internally. However, with the current increase of globalism, which Keohane and Nye describe as â€Å"a state of the world involving networks of interdependence at multicontinental distances† (75), many of the world’s major concerns have moved beyond the level of individual states. 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Logistics Behind US Federal Regulations

Federal regulations are specific details directives or requirements with the force of law enacted by the federal agencies necessary to enforce the legislative acts passed by Congress. The Clean Air Act, the Food and Drug Act, the Civil Rights Act are all examples of landmark legislation requiring months, even years of highly publicized planning, debate, compromise and reconciliation in Congress. Yet the work of creating the vast and ever-growing volumes of federal regulations, the real laws behind the acts, happens largely unnoticed in the offices of the government agencies rather than the halls of Congress. Regulatory Federal Agencies Agencies, like the FDA, EPA, OSHA and at least 50 others, are called regulatory agencies  because they are empowered to create and enforce rules -- regulations -- that carry the full force of law. Individuals, businesses, and private and public organizations can be fined, sanctioned, forced to close, and even jailed for violating federal regulations. The oldest Federal regulatory agency still in existence is the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, established in 1863 to charter and regulate national banks. The  Federal Rulemaking Process The process of creating and enacting federal regulations is generally referred to as the rulemaking process. First, Congress passes a law designed to address a social or economic need or problem. The appropriate regulatory agency then creates regulations necessary to implement the law. For example, the Food and Drug Administration creates its regulations under the authority of the Food Drug and Cosmetics Act, the Controlled Substances Act and several other acts created by Congress over the years. Acts such as these are known as enabling legislation, because the literally enable the regulatory agencies to create the regulations required to administer enforce them. The Rules of Rulemaking Regulatory agencies create regulations according to rules and processes defined by another law known as the Administration Procedure Act (APA). The APA defines a rule or regulation as... [T]he whole or a part of an agency statement of general or particular applicability and future effect designed to implement, interpret, or prescribe law or policy or describing the organization, procedure, or practice requirements of an agency. The APA defines rulemaking as†¦ [A]gency action which regulates the future conduct of either groups of persons or a single person; it is essentially legislative in nature, not only because it operates in the future but because it is primarily concerned with policy considerations. Under the APA, the agencies must publish all proposed new regulations in the Federal Register at least 30 days before they take effect, and they must provide a way for interested parties to comment, offer amendments, or object to the regulation. Some regulations require only publication and an opportunity for comments to become effective. Others require publication and one or more formal public hearings. The enabling legislation states which process is to be used in creating the regulations. Regulations requiring hearings can take several months to become final. New regulations or amendments to existing regulations are known as proposed rules. Notices of public hearings or requests for comments on proposed rules are published in the Federal Register, on the Web sites of the regulatory agencies and in many newspapers and other publications. The notices will include information on how to submit comments, or participate in public hearings on the proposed rule. Once a regulation takes effect, it becomes a final rule and is printed in the Federal Register, the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) and usually posted on the Web site of the regulatory agency. Type and Number of Federal Regulations In the Office of Management and Budgets (OMB) 2000 Report to Congress on the Costs and Benefits of Federal Regulations, OMB defines the three widely recognized categories of federal regulations as: social, economic, and process. Social regulations: seek  to benefit the public interest in one of two ways. It prohibits firms from producing products in certain ways or with certain characteristics that are harmful to public interests such as health, safety, and the environment. Examples would be OSHA’s rule prohibiting firms from allowing in the workplace more than one part per million of Benzene averaged over an eight hour day and the Department of Energy’s rule prohibiting firms from selling refrigerators that do not meet certain energy efficiency standards. Social regulation also requires firms to produce products in certain ways or with certain characteristics that are beneficial to these public interests. Examples are the Food and Drug Administration’s requirement that firms selling food products must provide a label with specified information on its package and Department of Transportation’s requirement that automobiles be equipped with approved airbags. Economic regulations: prohibit  firms from charging prices or entering or exiting lines of business that might cause harm to the economic interests of other firms or economic groups. Such regulations usually apply on an industry-wide basis (for example, agriculture, trucking, or communications). In the United States, this type of regulation at the federal level has often been administered by independent commissions such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) or the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). This type of regulation can cause economic loss from the higher prices and inefficient operations that often occur when the competition is restrained. Process Regulations: impose administrative or paperwork requirements such as income tax, immigration, social security, food stamps, or procurement forms. Most costs to businesses resulting from program administration, government procurement, and tax compliance efforts. Social and economic regulation may also impose paperwork costs due to disclosure requirements and enforcement needs. These costs generally appear in the cost for such rules. Procurement costs generally show up in the federal budget as greater fiscal expenditures. How Many Federal Regulations are There? According to the Office of the Federal Register, in 1998, the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), the official listing of all regulations in effect, contained a total of 134,723 pages in 201 volumes that claimed 19 feet of shelf space. In 1970, the CFR totaled only 54,834 pages. The General Accountability Office (GAO) reports that in the four fiscal years from 1996 to 1999, a total of 15,286 new federal regulations went into effect. Of these, 222 were classified as major rules, each one having an annual effect on the economy of at least $100 million. While they call the process rulemaking, the regulatory agencies create and enforce rules that are truly laws, many with the potential to profoundly affect the lives and livelihoods of millions of Americans. What controls and oversight are placed on the regulatory agencies in creating federal regulations? Control of the Regulatory Process Federal regulations created by the regulatory agencies are subject to review by both the president and Congress under Executive Order 12866 and the Congressional Review Act. The Congressional Review Act (CRA) represents an attempt by Congress to re-establish some control over the agency rulemaking process. Executive Order 12866, issued on Sept. 30, 1993, by President Clinton, stipulates steps that must be followed by executive branch agencies before regulations issued by them are allowed to take effect. For all regulations, a detailed cost-benefit analysis must be performed. Regulations with an estimated cost of $100 million or more are designated major rules, and require completion of a more detailed Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA). The RIA must justify the cost of the new regulation and must be approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) before the regulation can take effect. Executive Order 12866 also requires all regulatory agencies to prepare and submit to OMB annual plans to establish regulatory priorities and improve coordination of the Administrations regulatory program. While some requirements of Executive Order 12866 apply only to executive branch agencies, all federal regulatory agencies fall under the controls of the Congressional Review Act. The Congressional Review Act (CRA) allows Congress 60 in-session days to review and possibly reject new federal regulations issued by the regulatory agencies. Under the CRA, the regulatory agencies are required to submit all new rules the leaders of both the House and Senate. In addition, the General Accounting Office (GAO) provides to those congressional committees related to the new regulation, a detailed report on each new major rule.

Listing Securities Free Essays

Listing of Securities Chapter Objectives ? To understand the concept of listing of securities ? To know the criteria for listing shares ? To learn the listing procedure ? To understand the concept of delisting Concept of Listing of Securities ?It means the admission of shares of a public limited company on the stock exchange for the purpose of trading. ?A company intending to have its shares listed on the stock exchange has to write an application to one or more recognised stock exchanges. ?A company becomes qualified to list its shares after getting the prior permission from the stock exchange. We will write a custom essay sample on Listing Securities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the advantages of listing of securities are: ? Liquidity Best prices Wide publicity ? Some disadvantages of listing of securities are: ? Subjected to various regulatory measures ? Expensive exercise Criteria for Listing A company that wants its securities to be listed in the stock exchange has to fulfil certain minimum requirements, such as: ? Minimum issued capital: A company should have minimum issued capital of Rs. 3 crores and the minimum public offer must be of Rs. 75 lakhs. ?Listing on multiple exchanges: It is essential for a company to get listed in the stock exchange if its paid up capital is above Rs. crores. ?Number of shareholders: A company must have a minimum ten shareholders. ?Articles of Association: The Articles of Association must be prepared in line with the sound corporate practice of a company. ?Advertisement: A company during the subscription period must not advertise by thanking the public for their overwhelming response. ?Applying mode: A company mu st issue a prospectus, which provides information on how the investor should apply for the shares. ?Public offer size: A company, in the first page of the prospectus must state the size of the public offer and the value of shares. Listing Procedure To get the listing permission from the stock exchange, a company has to undertake the following steps: ?Preliminary discussion: A company must have a detailed discussion with the authorities of the stock exchange in order to acquire complete knowledge about the various formalities to be completed for listing of securities. ?Articles of Association approval: A company must fulfil the following requirements in order to get the Articles of Association approved by the stock exchange authorities: ?It must use a common form of transfer. ?In case of distributing dividends, it must comply with Section 205-A f the Companies Act. ?The free dealing of shares must not be restricted by any provision. ?Draft prospectus approval: It is very essential for a company to get its draft prospectus approved from the stock exchange authorities. A prospectus must contain all the information required by the stock exchange. Listing Application ?A company that wants to offer its shares through the prospectus m ust file an application to the stock exchange. ?A company has to file following certificates alongwith the prospectus: ?Three certified copies of the memorandum and articles of association, and debenture trust deed. A copy of every report, balance sheet, valuation, court order, etc. as specified in the prospectus. ?Certified copies of underwriting, brokerage and sales managers’ agreement. ?Copies of agreements with the financial institutions. Listing Fee ?It is a fee charged by the stock exchange from the company for permitting the company’s securities to be traded in the exchange. ?It varies from major stock exchanges to regional stock exchanges. ?It also varies due to the equity base of the company. Listing of Right Shares A company has to fulfil certain formalities in case of isting right shares in the stock exchange, such as: ? ? ? ? ? A company must inform the stock exchange about the date of meeting with the Board of Directors for considering the proposal of list ing right shares. A company must obtain the consent of the shareholders by passing on a special resolution. A company must file a letter of offer that provides the financial information about the current market price of the share. A company must file a letter of offer within six weeks. A company must file a specimen copy of the offer letter to the stock exchange. Delisting It is the removal of a company’s shares from the listing in the stock exchange. ? Delisting can be of two types: ? Compulsory: The causes for compulsory delisting are as follows: ? Non-payment of the listing fee ? Non-redressal of grievances ? Unfair trade practices carried on by the managers ? Voluntary: The causes for voluntary delisting are as follows: ? ? ? Business suspended Mergers and takeovers Small capital base Chapter Summary By now, you should have: ? Understood the concept of listing of securities ? Learnt the procedure of listing of securities ? Understood the concept of delisting How to cite Listing Securities, Essay examples

How a class responded to the words Fatal Shore Essay Example For Students

How a class responded to the words Fatal Shore Essay The play of The Fatal Shore was introduced to us with just the word put up onto an overhead projector. The class brainstormed their ideas of what they thought this meant, people came up with words such as death, sea, and sand, this was effective as it brought our imaginations into the work and everybody got a chance to listen to other people and adapt on their own ideas. When we had all thought up our ideas we were told what Fatal Shore was actually all about, that it was brought about in Georgian England and that criminals were transported to spend the duration of their punishment away from England. We were given an example of a man, aged 20 years, who had stolen a silk bonnet and other goods, for this, his sentence was either hanging or transportation for 7 years. This was shocking to the class and it stuck in our minds, one pupil said that they couldnt believe they got sent away, for so long, for committing such minor crimes. We then got into small groups and each one was given a title to look at. The titles were: Punishment, The Loneliness of Man, The voyage and Fatal shore. With these we had to use imagery, and interpret what we thought the title meant in a few still images. This was effective because we all worked well as groups and it gave us a better understanding of what went on, on the ship. We used a warm up exercise called Captains coming where our teacher would shout north, east, south or west and wed run to the side of the room that had been designated as each of the directions. Our teacher, used teacher in role as an officer on the ship, and we would be convicts if we were one of the last people to get to the side, he would punish us by telling us to row or scrub the decks. This was effective because it was fun and it helped us concentrate on the more serious work that we did later on. We looked at a text extract from fatal shore, about the harbour and the exiles. We were read the extract, while we all created a still image, of what we thought it would be like there, how bad the conditions were and how depressing it was, our still image would be brought to life with thought tracking, which was effective because we empathised with how the convicts must have felt. We used lights and sound effects in this section to create a realistic atmosphere. In another lesson we used tableaux and thought tracking to show a scene in the hold of the ship, Our teacher came around the room and tapped random members of the group on the shoulder and asked them questions such as, why they were there, how they felt and when was the last time they saw the sun. This collected our thoughts together as a group and because we hadnt thought about theses questions before, the exercise was effective as it let us improvise and use our imaginations again, to create the scene and also empathise with how the convicts felt. Our teacher then went into role as an officer and came round the room, asking members of the group that were also in role as convicts, who it was who had been on deck last and left the mattresses of straw, out to get wet. This was very effective as it showed us how aggressive the officers were and how badly they treated the convicts. .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9 , .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9 .postImageUrl , .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9 , .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9:hover , .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9:visited , .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9:active { border:0!important; } .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9:active , .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9 .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6dd16d7de43eda1354856d4db7fb4cb9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Principal Characters in the Merchant of Venice are Motivated Mainly by Money EssayIt even scared me even though I wasnt really there. Developing this even further, we all walked round in a circle in role as convicts. Our teacher told us that this would probably be the only time we saw daylight all week on the ship, from this we could improvise the way that the convicts would act, for example they may be excited or their eyes would be stinging as it was too bright. We carried on walking round in a circle following the person to our right and then turning round to walk the other way when we were told, by the teacher in role. We werent allowed to slack, as this was the on ly exercise we would be getting for at least a week. We had to carry on walking in total silence and the officer would threaten us if we disobeyed anything he said. This showed us how strict the discipline was on the ship, we also learnt more about how badly the convicts were treated. We created a group sculpture in the middle of the room, where we all got into positions we thought would create an image of the life in the hold. Then we used thought tracking of how we were feeling, as a convict or a member of authority at that moment. That was effective because some people were ill, others were upset or tired. We really had developed an image in our minds of what it was like and how atrocious the conditions were. While we were doing this we listened to the opening extract from the play Our Countrys Good. We were then given the 1st scene from this play to work on, in groups and improvise on to create our own scene. We used different techniques, such as narration and crosscutting. Everybodys improvisation was different. This was very effective as we got to see a number of different stylised interpretations when we finally showed the rest of the class.  After this we did a spontaneous improvisation, where a passing ship hand dropped a loaf of bread, nearby to where the convicts were working. We worked on what the convicts reactions might have been and also what the consequences of their actions would have been. We worked in groups and improvised a scene based on this. Some people were desperate to eat the bread but wouldnt, some werent interested and others were very tempted to take a bite of it but wouldnt, as they didnt get chance. We then adapted the scene by bringing an officer into the scene. We concentrated on what might happen here and what the officer would say and do in this situation. He might have used accusations and punishment to get the truth or not necessarily the truth, but what he wanted to hear. This was an effective piece of work because we learnt about how strict the rules were on the ship and we thought about how hungry and tempted, the convicts must have been at this point. Overall this scheme of work has been effective throughout but some parts could have been made better with more concentration from the group.

The play is about two young people who fall madly in love at first sight Essay Example For Students

The play is about two young people who fall madly in love at first sight Essay The play is about two young people who fall madly in love at first sight. Although there is a slight conflict, in which their families are great enemies. Romeo to whom belonged to the Montague family and Juliet to the Capulet family. They secretly get married. Then trudged strikes, when both Romeo and Juliet die. The play is all about love and hate. The audience knows nothing about Romeo and Juliet before they meet, this is because it was love at first sight as said earlier on ,and also because each on of them had their own separate life, meaning Romeo had fallen in love with Rosaline and Juliet was almost getting married to Paris. We will write a custom essay on The play is about two young people who fall madly in love at first sight specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At this point it is difficult because it was Juliets first time to meet both Romeo and Paris. Romeo mainly went to look for Rosaline but instead found his love Juliet. The expectation at first was for Juliet to accept married to Paris and Romeo to find Rosaline, but instead both Romeo and Juliet found each other. Also the fact that Romeo and Juliet found out that their families where enemies, this might have seemed to change everything but it did not. Their love for each other grew stronger that they died for each other. The dramatic effect on the opening of the play is quite positive. Based on how Capulet, expresses his words to his guests brings out happiness and brightness to the play. Welcome, gentlemen! Ladies that have their toes unplagued with corns will have a bout with you. Ah ha, my mistresses! Which of you all will now deny to dance? She that makes dainty, she, Ill swear, hath corns; am I come near ye now? .This is an example of one of the examples of speeches made by Capulet. Also remembering that the atmosphere is happy and everyone is in the party mood, he would not want anything to go wrong with the day. Hence that is why he told his nephew not to harm Romeo during the party. The dramatic effect on Romeos speech to Juliet is that it is very romantic and draws attention to the audience. The way Romeo had put it was as if he had never loved anyone before. It is in a position that if he said it to her at that moment it would drive her crazy enough to fall in love with him. The way he also describes her beauty is as if she were the only beautiful thing in the whole world. Romeos speeches are mostly of love and not hate. He shows himself as a loving gentleman who is full of love and peace in everything. The speech about Juliet is full of poetry as well. Considering that most of his speeches are in poetry form. As I said earlier on the way Romeo is a peaceful and loving man in his speech Tybalt is his opposite. Tybalts speech is full of anger and shows no love, peace or mercy in his words. Even though Capulet is Tybalts uncle he reacts very bitterly to his manner. Since it is a joyous day for him he would not want anything to go wrong especially at a time like that. Eventually after Tybalt crossed caplets line or boundary he was sent away from the party. Basically the way Tybalt approaches his uncle to inform him about Romeos presence in the party, was in sort of form a jealousy way. He also showed a lot of viciousness and anger to fight but his uncle denied him since he was higher than him. .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e , .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e .postImageUrl , .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e , .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e:hover , .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e:visited , .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e:active { border:0!important; } .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e:active , .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf5641c5b09088d3e9faa19632351962e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hamlet's strengths and weaknesses EssayThe meeting between Romeo and Juliet was very romantic in that they had their first kiss which was unexpected for their first meeting or first time together. In this part he also involves his poetry talk. He begs for a kiss from Juliet and gets it from her. Since he had gone to look for Rosaline everything changed and saw someone better than her. This led him and Juliet to love at first sight. The language used is touching and is romantic. The way he begs for a kiss is in such a powerful way that Juliet just had to give in. The language in terms of poetry and romance is very strong. I would consider this love as at first sight and als o as true love. Their love is just so strong that they could afford to do anything to be together, considering death as well. At the ending part the dramatic effect was that Romeo and Juliet were going to live happily ever after. After she had taken the medicine which was to put her to deep sleep to await for romeo her dearest love but in spite he did not get the correct message and brought up their death. Their reaction was not negative to one another this is because they learnt to love one another because they knew they were meant to be together. Nothing will happen to them as long as no one finds out. But if their family members were to find out, there would be carouse between them and their families. Shakespeare has made the play dramatic in the sense that it is interesting to find two young people who are madly in love from families that are both enemies. The scene that is crucial is the falling in love that lasted for long and then followed by the deaths. There is still love and hate among us all and I do not think there is anyone in our universe that is full of love as Romeo and Juliet. The scene to me is full of romance and also has a great lesson to me. The lesson is that we should learn to love and not to hate.

Ap american DBq essays

Ap american DBq essays The American Revolution is one of the most significant events in American history. This revolution formed a new view on government and revolutionized its organization which was the first of its kind. Various factors have helped pushed this revolution into full throttle; the unfair treatment of the colonies by England and its parliament, which affected the colonies negatively socially, politically, as well as economically. However, it is certain that this revolution would not have been successful if the colonies had not developed a sense of their identity and united as Americans by the Before the American Revolution unity among the colonies was unheard of. As the political cartoon by Benjamin Franklin in the Pennsylvania Gazette suggested, if the colonies wished to remain alive and independent they must work together as a whole. The colonies themselves, however, would not unite until George Grenville, the royal treasurer, decided to create several acts, aimed at removing the economic pressure from The Proclamation of 1763, one of the first of many unpopular acts, prohitbited settlers to settle beyond the Appalachian mountains. Next came the Stamp Act of 1764, although this cut down the tax on molasses, it also meant that the tax was actually going to be collected. In the same year the Navigation Act, which prohibited the colonists from directly exporting goods except to Britain and Currency Act, which prohibited the use of paper money, were passed creating more conflict and hatred towards England. These actions towards the colonies might have been negative, however it had actually strengten the bonds developing between the colonies. After, the infamous Boston Tea Party in 1773, where a group known as the Sons of Liberty, lead by Samuel Adams, dumped three ...

Motivation in Work Place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Motivation in Work Place - Essay Example , cultural orientation of employees decides the value system of employees which directly influence their motivation level to perform a specific work in workplace. For example, employees in USA get motivated by recognition, financial reward, workplace challenge, success etc whereas employees of Taiwan emphasize more on work-life balance and interpersonal relationships (Su, 2006). It is evident from the theoretical argument of research scholars that managers of modern organization face challenge to motivate all the employees in equal magnitude to perform well, hence the study has decided to investigate contemporary management issues regarding employee motivation in the workplace and find how managers are responding to those issues. Identifying the management skills for managers which will help them to motivate employees in efficient manner will also be the key purpose of this report. Contemporary Management Issue Research scholars such as Kinicki and Kreitner (2007) and Chen and France sco (2003) have stated that linking employee satisfaction to employee motivation is one of the contemporary challenges that face modern managers. According to Koys (2001), diversified nature of the workforce has created challenge for managers to maintain a satisfied workforce who are motivated enough to perform in effective manner. Another contemporary challenges manager’s face is to develop an organizational culture which can keep employees motivated. Third contemporary issues manager to face is to link culture of innovation as a source for motivation for employees in the workplace. Three contemporary issues for managers can be summarized in the following manner. Contemporary Issue 1- Creating an organizational policy can help an employee to be satisfied and motivated in the workplace.... This report makes a good example of the organizational culture of Google. Fortunate magazine has referred Google as best organization to work for; there are reasons behind such ambitious claims. For example managers in Google have created a working environment which can help workers to get motivated automatically, there is a website named as "Google Ideas" where workers can submit their ideas and recommendation regarding product development or any issues pertinent to improvement of organizational culture. Managers carefully examine the potentiality of suggestions made by employees and use the potential ideas by actively engaging employees who gave the suggestion while developing new products. Products like Google News, Froogle, Gmail and Google+ were created in the above mentioned process. It is evident from the above example that managers of Google have emphasized on creating intrinsic motivation for workers by reshaping its work culture To end this discussion the study will cite the example of Bonaventure Agata, who has dedicated his life to healthcare. According to Bonaventure, managers and leaders need to be honest to their subordinates and make sure that subordinates actually believe that their leader truly understand their problems). Hence modern managers need to be engaged with their workers in order to motivate them. Managers need to communicate the career opportunity in the organization to an employee in clear and concise manner. In some cases, managers should act as mentor for young employees who have the potential to handle higher job responsibility in future.

Assimilation of Sephardic Jews Into European and Ottoman Cultures Research Paper

Assimilation of Sephardic Jews Into European and Ottoman Cultures - Research Paper Example However, the question here is whether or not they were better received, more welcomed, and assimilated into the Ottoman Empire as immigrants as a welcomed people while being turned away from other European nations because of their non-Christian beliefs and their refusal to convert to Christianity. The books and journal articles relied upon in this paper helps piece together the information needed to begin to answer the questions posed. Those works are by Avigdor Levy, The Sephardim in the Ottoman Empire (1992),1 Bernard Lews’ The Jews of Islam (1984),2 Henry Kamen’s journal article titled The Mediterranean and the Expulsion of Spanish Jews in 1492, appearing in the Oxford University Press publication Past and Present (1988),3 Benjamin Ravid, in his article titled The Legal Studies of the Jewish Merchants of Venice, 1541-1638, appearing in the Economic History Association’s publication The Journal of Economic History (1975),4 Diane Owen Hughes, whose research on the subject can be found in the collection titled Medieval Renaissance Texts and Studies: Persons in Groups, Social Behavior as Identity Formation in Medieval and Renaissance Euro;5 there emerges much in support of the notion that while a significant number of Jews whose lives were interrupted by ex pulsion from Spain in 1492, successfully resettled into other European states, they were not welcomed into those European states as readily and openly as they were received into the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Bayezid II (1481-1512) Reliable information derived from studies that can be considered valid in support of the locales into which the displaced Jews were received and resettled, derives from records stemming from the practice of Jewish traditions like Passover, the need for and preparation of Kosher foods, and written works that suffice to make the connection between the descendants of the immigrants within the societies to which they immigrated. In each of these cases, there is sufficient evidence to suggest the existence of a Jewish community.

Learning with Technology: Advantages and Disadvantages

Learning with Technology: Advantages and Disadvantages The present era is an era of technology. Everywhere we are surrounded with technological devices and everyone is somehow familiar with technology. The foundation of all types of technology is laid down in educational institutions. The education in secondary level plays an essential role since it is responsible for the development of society. Therefore, secondary education can be made more effective by the use of technology and all resources made available through technology. This introduces us to the term Educational Technology. The word was recognised in 1967 with the establishment of National Council for Educational Technology in the United Kingdom.  [1]  N. Venkataiah in his book Educational Technology noted that For different reasons educational technology perhaps will perform support or enriching role relative to classroom teaching in college and University rather than serving a replacement for such instruction.  [2]  Every technology has its merits and limitations and no one technology is useful for all types of learning. Benefits of using technology in the learning context We can talk of many benefits and criticism related to the use of technology in education. First we are going to deal with few advantages of making use of technology in the learning context. Technology in the learning process can increase students motivation. Computer based education can give immediate feedback to student and the right answers. Moreover a computer can give student motivation to continue learning, since a computer is patient and non-judgemental. According to James Kulik, who studies the effectiveness of computers used for leaning, students usually gain more in less time when receiving computer-based instructions and they build up more positive approach to the subject learned.  [3]  The American educator, Cassandra B. Whyte thought that successful academic performance in the future will depend on how computer usage and information technology would become important in the education experience of the future.  [4]   Educational technology provides the way for students to be active participants in their learning and to present differentiated questioning approaches. It expands individualized education and encourages the progress of personalized learning plans. Students are encouraged to use multimedia components and to integrate the knowledge they achieved in innovative ways.  [5]   Criticism to Learning Technology Although technology in the classroom does have many benefits, there are clear shortcomings as well. Not having proper training, limited access to enough quantities of a technology, and the additional time required for many running of technology are just a few reasons that technology is often not used widely in the classroom. Similar to learning a new task, special training is vital to ensure effectiveness when using things like technology. Training is a must when dealing with technology and education. Since technology is not the end goal of technology, but a means to be more effective in learning, educators must having a good grasp of the technology they can use or they are using and its advantages over the traditional means. If there is a lack of training, the use of technology will not give the all the good results that are given when technology is being used correctly. Another difficulty that which might arose when using technology for teaching/learning is the access to an enough amount of resources. Many teachers use technology by using a projector or screen, to show picture or videos, since there are not enough computers available for the students in order to be used by them and create or use it during the lesson. This also occurs when there is limited amount of access to technology because of high cost of technology and the fear of damages. There other cases when there the inconvenience of resources in such cases, such as having to transport the whole class to a computer lab or media room.  [6]   One of the disadvantages of using technology in education is that it is time consuming. Teachers had to prepare not only their lesson plans but had to prepare these resources using technology, which for teachers not familiar with technology can be a bit of headache. Another major issue which arise is that technology is too fast evolving. New resources have to be designed whenever the technological platform is changed. Changing for many times is not possible because of expenses and therefore there is the need to train teachers in order to know how to use new technologies.  [7]   But even there are all these disadvantages, one had to continue support the use of technology while investing in training of teachers, creating resources and made them available. Technologies of information and their implementation in learning In this part we are going to deal with some of the technologies of information available that can be used in education. While observing their strengths and weaknesses, we are going to evaluate their implementation in the teaching/learning context. Interactive Whiteboard An interactive whiteboard is a large display connected to a projector and a laptop/computer. By using a pen, stylus or finger users can control what is seen on the display through these tools. So, by touching the screen one manages and controls the computer. Through a pen/stylus the user can calibrate the system if necessary, activate programs, buttons and menus found on the computer which is connected to the interactive whiteboard. If the user wants to enter text, can either make use of on-screen keyboard or else can utilize handwriting by using the pen/stylus. As technology and software programs are continuing to develop, there is an increase in interactivity, since interactive whiteboards are being supplied with software programs that provide all necessary tools and functions which can give the ability to create virtual versions of paper flipcharts with pen and highlighter options. Such softwares also include tools like protractors, rulers and compasses to make use of traditional teaching tools, since students are more familiar with and more available to use.  [8]   Interactive whiteboards are being used in many schools as a replacement for the traditional whiteboards or flipcharts or video/media systems. Interactive whiteboards can be used to connect to online shared annotations and drawing environments. The software helps teacher to keep electronic records of their note for later use. Also, teacher can record their instruction which they had done during the lesson on the interactive whiteboard, which can be saved as a digital video format and then can post this material for review and revision by the students. This is an advantage for the students to see a revision of what had been done in school, especially when something was not understood well, when they are absent or when they want to revise for examination. Some software programs used with interactive whiteboards allow also the recording of the teachers voice.  [9]   Obviously the main advantage of this technology is interactivity as the name reflects. Students also by the help of the teacher can make use of the interactive whiteboard during the lesson, to choose picture, drawing, write and more. Research by Glover and Miller on the impact of interactive whiteboards in secondary schools, shows that even interactive whiteboards are a technology more than a computer, their use in schools and by teachers reflects that their potential is unrealized. According to the authors of this research the use of interactive whiteboards by teachers is made in three ways: as an aid to efficiency, as an extension device, and as a transformative device.  [10]   Even if technology always is done for the benefit of humanity and to make life more easer, interactive whiteboards also were criticised by many for diverse reasons. According to the Washington Post article, published in June 11, 2010: Many academics question industry-backed studies linking improved test scores to their products. And some go further. They argue that the most ubiquitous device-of-the-future, the interactive whiteboard essentially a giant interactive computer screen that is usurping blackboards in classrooms across America locks teachers into a 19th-century lecture style of instruction counter to the more collaborative small-group models that many reformers favour.  [11]   The Londons Institute of Education in a report on the interactive whiteboards says that, Although the newness of the technology was initially welcomed by pupils any boost in motivation seems short-lived. Statistical analysis showed no impact on pupil performance in the first year in which departments were fully equipped.  [12]  The report also emphasize such issues such as the fact that teacher gives more importance to the new technology than on what pupils should be learning. It was noted that the focus on interactivity as a technical process can lead to everyday activities which were being overestimated and also that in lower-ability classes it would slow the pace of whole class learning since individual pupils took turns at the board.  [13]   Internet In many countries and homes, the Internet and the World Wide Web in particular can be considered as part of the household and as common household term. This is proven by amount of reference to internet in the daily life and the amount of time which people, especially those who are still studying in schools, spend surfing on the internet.  [14]  The popularity of internet had made it as an important tool in education both as a great resource and as tool in class. The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that are accessible to billions of users around the globe. It is a network of networks that is made up of so many networks which are private, public, academic, business and government use. The internet holds a vast range of information resources and services.  [15]   When for the first time teachers were introduced to the internet, there first reaction was about the tremendous educational potentials which exist on the internet. Internet was seen as an instrument to answer the learning needs of many students since it have vast amount of resources.  [16]   The use of internet adds something new, some real value, to teaching. The internet offers a tremendous way of communication between students themselves and with experts regarding the subject they are studying. Moreover students can join groups which discuss their favourite subject to continue enhance their information regarding that particular subject.  [17]   The internet can be a support when teacher using animation, pictures, maps, images and other resources. For example when studying the land in which Jesus lives, to which the student has never been, a virtual tour to some of the landmarks through the internet can make the lesson more attractive and interesting, since they are not only imagining what the teacher is saying about the Holy Land but also seeing how the Holy Land looks like. The use of internet is in contrast with the use of textbooks. Many of our textbooks can be considered outdated. The use of internet can gives us the opportunity to include current data in our lessons. On the other side the internet has also its weaknesses. Teaching involves human process that cannot be automated or manufactured. One important instrument of teaching is the human touch, which cannot be replaced. The extreme use of internet and computer lead to lacking of human touch when computer replace teachers.  [18]   Moreover there is no solid confirmation that computers develop positively students performance, since stories of success are isolated cases. This may result due to time needed for teachers to develop good applications to be used in classrooms. Even if the Internet improves learning, no one is yet to prove that the advantages of teaching using the Internet significantly outweigh the advantages of using other cheaper information media. Every new technology brings with it positive and negative impact. Nobody has taken time to analyze the negative impact of exposing children to the Internet may have on their social development.  [19]   Microsoft PowerPoint or other presentation software The use of PowerPoint during teaching has a significant amount of potentialities for encouraging more visual use and more proficient presentations, since one can put text, audio, videos, pictures, graphs and much more. PowerPoint is a widely used presentation programme which had originated in the business world but today had found also a very comfortable place in the world of teaching. The popularity of PowerPoint in educational technology stem directly from one of its famous features, that is, the ease of use, also by those who cannot be considered as experts on computer.  [20]   Good use of PowerPoint enhances the teaching and learning experience of both teachers and the students. This is continuously developing since the Microsoft Corporation which created PowerPoint is endlessly developing and adding more features to its software to make it more easy and professional look like, such as the integration of video clips and words at the same time and the use of the presenters view, in order for whom is doing the presentation to see what comes next or work with other programs at the same time. As well, the templates provided can help to make simple professional look of the presentation in order to be more effective and successful.  [21]   PowerPoint software also gives the accessibility to print what had been shown in the presentation in order for students to have a copy of the presentation shown during the lesson. Few are those disadvantages when using PowerPoint. An important element when using PowerPoint is the way how teachers should use it when they are making use of it in classrooms. Teacher should give attention to not have large amount of material on one slide which can make difficult for the students to comprehend what the teacher is actually doing in the lesson.  [22]   Video clip The use of video clips in education is developing very faster, since time has pass on static images and pictures. Today we are developing the idea of movement in pictures and in our presentations. The fact that video editing programs are now available for everyone to use on his personal computer, the trend that is developing is to create videos to enhance more the attention and motivation of the students. This developing is made easier through websites such as Youtube.com and Vimeo.com, where one can upload his videos while others can see and download for personal use. This innovative idea had created a planet of video resources which can be use for teaching. Conclusion The use of these available technologies and others can make our teaching more effective and interesting. This use of old textbooks and methods of learning are a bit out of this world, since students are all surrounded by this new technologies which are developing very fast. This does not mean that we have to trash all old methods and textbooks but it is important to incorporate technology to make lessons more enjoyable, creative and effective.

Summary of New Economic Model

Current per capita annual income US $7,000 equal to ARMS, 100 and through this model government want to improve per capita annual Income to CUSS 5000 equal to ARMS, 500. Second principle which Is commitment to sustainability not only In the country' s economic activities but also the Impact of economic development on the country' s environment and precious natural resources. The third principle which is inclusiveness was a key prerequisite for fostering a sense of belonging and engagement in the New Economic Model. No one was left out in intriguing and sharing the creation of wealth of our country.All Malaysian must contributed and benefited from economic growth must be a fundamental element of any new economic approach. Dates Series Nasal Tune Raze said that to build a truly prosperous Malaysian must be open to change. The MEN will narrow the gap between those In the bottom 40% of socio-economic scale and others within a reasonable time frame. It Is to help the lowest-income group t o take advantage of the opportunities to secure better jobs, raise productivity and dabble in entrepreneurial ventures and other economic activities that will boost their income.The benefit of a high income economy include higher purchasing power and better quality of life, encompassing among others, quality healthcare and social support. Means that with high wages can attract people to purchase more and it will lead and move our economic growth. Public will have opportunity to access the Jobs, contracts and license based on merit and effort. It will reduce blabs and discrimination among others. Besides that, Dates Series Ninja has set out timeline for the rolling out the New as follow:Between now and June, feedback, comments and suggestion would be collected by National Economic Advisory Council (NECK) secretariat and submitted to the Prime Minister office. On June 2010, Ninja is expected to disclose the 10th Malaysia Plan and how the MEN together with any possible modifications fi ts into the overall programmer. Based on this, NECK would then move into the second phase of its work where the council will then draw up the implementation process. The budget in October will cover the first year of the 10th Malaysia Plan and continued implementation MEN.Dates Series Ninja was highlighted 8 strategies in New Economic Model which are: Re-energize the private sector to lead growth, developing a quality workforce and reducing dependency on foreign labor, creating a competitive domestic economy, strengthening the public sector, putting in place transparent and market-friendly affirmative action, building knowledge based infrastructure, enhancing the sources of growth and ensuring sustainability of growth. Based on comment from MAC Presidents, Dates Series Dry. Chug OSI Leek, he expressed that the renewed the affirmative action would be merit and need-based, transparent ND market friendly.Besides that, he said that quality education and enhancing the skills of Malaysian were important components to add the value to the various sectors of the country's economy. New sources of revenue needed to be developed of our countries to achieved high income status and catch up with countries like South Korea and China. Living environment, security, access to quality education and transparent government policies were important considerations. Based on report by NECK, they identified four strengths that Malaysia could build on to move forward.The four strengths are the country ‘s good infrastructure includes extensive network of roads connecting air and sea ports, sanitation and communication. Strong manufacturing sector and Malaysia ‘s position as a world class manufacturer contributed over 30% of national output by sass. Electrical and electronics made up the bulk of the manufacturing sector and related supply, logistic and service industries. Malaysia strategic location in the heart of a vibrant region and its cultural, ethnic and biological dive rsity and high growth of region was another factor in attracting investment to build transportation and logistics hubs.Diversity of culture, ethnicity, languages and religions like Malay, Chinese, Indian, Melange, Biddy's, Islam, Christian, Buddha, and Hindu enabled a society to leverage the best of each group's intrinsic skills and traits for the good of the society as a whole. The rich and unique relationships in many countries. The problem of Malaysia now is currently stuck in a middle income trap. Without new niches and strategic reform plans, many countries have been unable to break out of the middle income categories. Another weakness is the government's controlled rising systems and subsidies which resulted in resource misapplications.Prices are constantly rising and making subsidies and price controlled can increased the cost of government. About 50% of talented Malaysian live and work outside the country and their education up to tertiary level. As a conclusion, Malaysia no w move forwards to high capacity of income with MEN and all Malaysian should contributed in order to enhance and moving up our economic growth. We must work together to ensure our next generation will get the better quality of life. Muhammad Azure bin Abdul Wabash [email  protected] Com

The Five Different Approaches to Motivation

The first being instincts which are the patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned. Fact: people and animals are born preprogrammed with sets of behavior's essential to survive. The second being the drive-reduction approach. It suggests that a lack of some basic biological requirement such as water produces the drive to obtain the water. The third being the arousal approach in which each person tries to maintain a certain level of stimulation and activity. The forth would be the incentive approach which it suggests that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals, or incentive. The fifth would be the cognitive approach and it suggests that motivation is a product of a person's thoughts, expectations, and goals-their cognitions. The one approach i chose would be the incentive approach. I feel that i am more motivated when there is some incentive involved because i know at the end of the day i am going to be rewarded for my assistance. For example: My boss wants me to do some work for him that might take two hours. The two hours would be over-time at twenty for dollars an hour. Fortunetly he say for the work, off the clock he would give me two sixty-five dollar tickets to the season opener for The Pistons at The Palace of Auburn Hills. The offer of the tickets gave me incentive to do the work and it only took me an hour and fifteen minutes to finish it.

Relationship between Two Sisters in A Pair of Tickets by...

People who say that home is where the heart is are absolutely right when it comes to the story of Jing-Mei in Amy Tan’s A Pair of Tickets. This unique story provides a look into the mind of a young girl who meets her long lost relatives for the first time and the connection she feels with them as well as with her surroundings. This story is a great parallel to the connection that can be shared in a family even across long distances. Amy Tan is a brilliant author and has mastered the use of literary techniques such as backstory, multiple settings, conflict to further the plot, convey culture, the possessions that are on each carrying and relationship between the two sisters. Unlike one’s typical narrative, the plot line of A Pair of Tickets does not follow in a straight line but rather is entirely based on a backstory that the reader gradually becomes aware of throughout the story. The story begins at a train stop in China where the main character has come to unite w ith her long lost twin half sisters. The reader does not know why however until a little bit later in the story when Tan reveals the backstory as to why she is just now meeting her twin sisters, why they were separated, and the history behind their mother. All of this information is key to the story as a whole but is only revealed gradually. 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